Departemen Kimia Universitas Indonesia

“TiO₂-Photocatalysis” Research Group:

Research & Research Group Activities

The works are mainly dealing with specific surface phenomena that can be applied to various chemical processes and analysis, and mostly dedicated to challenge a health and environmental problems.  Focus of the studies are either on photo-catalysis and electrochemistry processes on specific surface ( e.g. titanium dioxide, modified carbon electrode etc.).

The works on, so called, “TiO₂ photocatalysis” bring the group involve in developing photo-catalytic reactors for a water treatment and an indoor air purifier systems. Our inner wall glass column tube coated titanium dioxide (IWGCT-TiO₂) has a potential application for small scale photo-catalytic reactor, which may be applied for a house hold water treatment or air purifier and oxidation unit in a Total Organic Carbon Analyzer apparatus.

The group is also interested combining photo-catalytic system with an electrochemical system. My work on this matter was initiated during my several short stay in Professor P.A. Christensen Laboratory (Dept. of Advance Material Science, Faculty of Science Agriculture and Engineering, University of Newcastle, upon Tyne, UK).

By applying Prof Christensen’s photoelectrochemical system lead the group developes a what we called Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) sensor. This was invented as a result of careful observation and evaluation of the very first (or instant) photocurrent evolution and decay, which nicely give a charge that quantitatively proportional to the mole value of oxidize-able chemical, in adjacent to TiO₂ surface, regardless of their chemical species. It is well understood that upon proper light exposure, the TiO₂ surface will generate electron (e^-) and positive hole (h⁺) pair, and it is the hole (valence band) that oxidize directly or indirectly oxidize able chemical species in or near by TiO₂ surface (via generation of hydroxyl radical, ∙OH). While the exited electron (in conduction band) is drawn away and subsequently transferred to a dissolved oxygen (via counter electrode) in the water that immerse both immobilized TiO₂ and respected counter electrode. This flow of electrons (monitored as photocurrent) at the early minute upon light illumination create sharp peak of current vs time before reach a steady state, and integration of the peak give a charge that proportional to chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the bulk water that immerse the TiO₂. However. it was not our side who first published very nice description and evaluation of this phenomenon. In fact, during the group’s struggle time to understand the phenomenon and possible utilization, Zhao et all published an excellent paper on this matter [Zhao, H., Jiang, D., Zhang, S., Catterall Kylie, and John, R: “Development of Direct Photoelectrochemical Method for Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand”. Anal. Chem. (2004) 76: 155-160].

While developing a method to immobilize of TiO₂ on various substrate the group found a clear TiO₂ suspension, due its nanosize (approximately 5 to 9 nm), that facilitate us to coat a substrate with TiO₂ (either in anatase or rutile) at room temperature. This stuff is having potentiality to coat a wall of indoor room (living room, office, and vehicles) that will  show a self cleaning effect.

Extensive test and development for both COD sensor and room temperature coating of the indoor wall are in progress.

In addition, the group is also interested in a modified electrode for a specific sensor, namely macromolecule  modified carbon paste electrodes for metal ion sensing. While developing this type of electrodes, the group founds other aspect of that kind of electrodes that lead me to develop an electro extractive method to collect precious metals from water. This  research is now in proof of concept and development stage.

Selected Publications

1. Ratno Nuryadi, Zico Alaia Akbar, Jr., Agus Hadi S.Wargadipura, and Jarnuzi Gunlazuardi: “Formation of TiO­₂ thin film for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Application Using Electrophoresis Deposition” AIP Conf.Proc, Oct. 24, 2010; Vol. 1284, pp. 148-153
2. Slamet, Hosna W. Nasution, Ezza Purnama, Kapti Riyani and Jarnuzi Gunlazuardi: “Effect of Copper Species in a Photocatalytic Synthesis of Methanol from Carbon Dioxide over Copper-doped Titania Catalysts”, World Applied Sciences Journal 6 (1): 112-122, 2009
3. M.Nurdin, W. Wibowo, Supriyono, M.B. Febrian, dan J. Gunlazuardi^*): ”Pengembangan Metoda Baru untuk Penentuan COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) Berbasis Fotoelektrokatalisis: Karakterisasi Elektroda Kerja Lapis Tipis TiO2¬/ITO”;  J. Makara Seri Sains Vol 13, No. 1 [April 2009].
4. Hardeli, J.Gunlazuardi, W.Widayanti: ”Aplikasi Fotokatalis Titanium Dioksida untuk Pembuatan Kaca Swabersih”, Jurnal Sainstek, LP-UNP, accepted 2008.
5. Hardeli, J.Gunlazuardi, W.Widayanti: ”Aplikasi Fotokatalis Titanium Dioksida untuk Degradasi Asam Lemak”, Jurnal Sainstek, LP-UNP, accepted 2008.
6. Slamet, Hosna W. Nasution, Ezza Purnama, Soleh Kosela , Jarnuzi Gunlazuardi*⁾: “Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 on copper-doped Titania catalysts prepared by improved-impregnation method” Catalysis Communications, 6, pp.313-319, (2005 ) [Science Direct Catalysis Communication April-June 2005 Top 25 Hottest Articles]
7. J.Gunlazuardi^*) and Winarti A Lindu: “Photocatalytic degradation of pentachlorphenol in aqueous solution employing immobilised TiO2 supported on titanium metal “ Journal of Photochemistry and PhotoBiology A: Chemistry, 173, pp. 51-55, (2005)
8. Slamet, B.Y. Permadi, J. Gunlazuardi, S. Kosela: Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 over TiO2 and Copper Doped TiO2 Catalyst, Jurnal Teknologi, Tahun XVIII, Maret 2004, Edisi Khusus No. 1: Teknik Kimia dan Proses
9. Slamet, J. Gunlazuardi and Soleh Kosela: “Photoreduction of CO2 on TiO2 Photocatalysts Powders” Journal ACGC, Vol 17, 2004
10. Rachmat Triandi Tjahjanto dan J.Gunlazuardi^*): “Preparasi Lapisan Tipis TiO2 sebagai Fotokatalis: Keterkaitan antara Ketebalan dan Aktivitas Fotokatalisis”, Makara, Jurnal Penelitian Universitas Indonesia, vol. 5, no. 2, Seri Sains, hal. 81-91, Desember 2001
11. J.C. Harper, P.A. Christensen, T.A. Egerton, T.P. Curtis and J. Gunlazuardi: “Effect of catalyst type on the kinetics of the photoelectrochemical disinfection of water inoculated with E.coli” Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 31:623-628, 2001
12. E.Suhardono J.Gunlazuardi, M.Mulyono, dan Retno Ambarwati : ”Studi Laboratorium Degradasi Fenol Secara Fotokatilitik Dengan uspensi TiO2 Pada Reaktor Kolam dan Kolom”, Lembaran Publikasi LEMIGAS, no.1, vol.34 :12-21, 1999
13. I.M. Butterfield , P.A. Christensen, T.P. Curtis and J. Gunlazuardi: “Water Disinfection Using An Immobilised Titanium Dioxide Film In A Photochemical Reactor With Electric Field Enhancement”, J.Water Research, vol.31, No.3, p.675, 1997
14. J. Gunlazuardi^*) dan Sunardi: ”Proses Fotokatalitik Sebagai Alternatif Detoksifikasi Dalam Pengolahan Limbah” J.Alami, Publikasi BPPT, vol.1 no.2, pp. 32-34, 1996

Newly submitted Patent:

• Alat Pengukur Chemical Oxygen Demand dan Proses Pembuatannya [Didaftarkan September 2009 Nomor Pendaftaran P00200900501]

Granted Patent:

• E. Suhardono; J.Gunlazuardi, M. Nasikin: “Metode penghilangan polutan organic didalam air limbah buangan dengan matahar sebagai sumber radiasinya”. [Paten  oleh PPPTMGB LEMIGAS; disetujui pemberian paten oleh  Dirjen HAKI Dep. Kehakiman dan HAM RI tanggal 3 Nopember 2004, Nomor Paten ID 0 014 5
• E. Suhardono; J.Gunlazuardi, M. Nasikin: "Reaktor kolom berbahan dasar gelas kuarsa untuk mendestruksi senyawa organik dan mematikan mikroorganisme dalam air". [Paten  oleh PPPTMGB LEMIGAS; disetujui paten oleh  Dirjen HAKI Dep. Kehakiman dan HAM RI, 24 Desember 2004 Nomor Paten: ID 0 014 914

Research grants

Current:

• Hibah Kompetensi DP2M DIKTI 2009 ( ~ 2011): "Peningkatan Kemampuan Kelola Kluster Riset, Disseminasi Hasil Riset dan Inisiasi Penerapan Praktis Hasil Riset ”TiO₂ Fotokatalisis”
• Klaster Riset UI 2009 ( ~ 2011): "Riset Dasar dan Terapan ”TiO₂ Fotokatalisis”: Realisasi Novel COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) Sensor Berbasis Fotoelektrokatalisis dan Dinding Ruang Berlapis Film TiO₂ Material Swabersih) Sebagai Penyedia Ruang Sehat".
• As Co Investogator pada Hibah Penelitian Tim Pascasarjana DP2M DIKTI 2010 (~2012): "Fotokatalisis Dan Fotoelektrokatalisis Untuk Penanganan Masalah Lingkungan" (PI Yuni Krisyuningsih Krisnandi)

Past:

• HPTP, DP2M, DIKTI, 2006 – 2008: "Study Fundamental and Application of “TiO₂ Fotokatalisis”".
• Osaka Gas For International Cultural Exchange (OGFICE), 2006: "An Improvement of Inner Wall Glass Column Coated with TiO2 (IWGCT-TiO₂) Reactor Type for an Indoor Air Pollution Control".
• RUU-FMIPA-UI, 2005: "Sintesa dan Karakterisasi TiO₂ Berukuran Nano"
• RUT XI, 2004-2005: "Rancang Bangun Prototip Sensor Elektrokimia Portabel Untuk Penentuan Secara Spesifik Ion-ion Logam".
• OGFICE, 2001: "Development of Indoor Air Pollution Control Based on Gas- PhasePhotocatalytic Oxidation Employing Ti0₂ Thin Film"
• Hibah Bersaing VII, 1998-1999: "Studi Pemanfaatan Fotoelektrokatalisis dengan Menggunakan Lapisan Tipis Titanium Dioksida Untuk Detoksifikasi Air"
• URGE Young Accademic, 1996: "Studi kemampuan lapisan TiO₂ yang didukung oleh pelat aluminium komersial dalam degradai klorofenol secara fotokatalitik"

Education and Employment

• BSc. (1979) and Drs. (1984) , Department of Chemistry, University of Indonesia
• MSc (1990 and PhD (1993), Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Department of Environmental Conservation, Ehime University.
• Visiting Researcher University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK , [Dr. P.A. Christensen (Photoelectrocatalytic Detoxification of Water; Development of Novel Photocatalyst and Photocatalytic Reactor)], (November 1995 ~ Februari 1996; Juli ~ Septemer 1997; Juni-Agustus 1999; Oktober-Deember 2003).
• Junior Lecturer (1986), Department of Chemistry, University of Indonesia
• 1987 – 1993 (leave for a postgraduate study)
• Lecturer (1997), Department of Chemistry, University of Indonesia
• Senior Lecturer (2003 ~ ), Department of Chemistry, University of Indonesia

Managerial Experience:

• Head of The Postgraduate in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Indonesia (2008)
• Head of The Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Indonesia (2004-2007)
• Secretary of The Postgraduate in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Indonesia (2000-2003)

Others:

• Chief Editor, Journal Makara Seri Sains (2007~)

More further information of me [in Indonesian Language Bahasa Indonesia]

Another web based activity of me on TiO2 Photocatalysis [in Indonesian Language, Bahasa Indonesia]

To Group Members:  Weekly Meeting is scheduled every Monday 14:00 m- 16:00